Does Legacy Status Matter for College Admissions

Legacy admission is the practice of giving preferential treatment to a college applicant because someone in his or her family attended the college. If youre wondering why the Common Application asks where your mom and dad went to college, its because legacy status matters in the college admissions process. Key Takeaways: Legacy Status At some selective colleges and universities, legacy status can significantly increase an applicants odds of being admitted.Colleges will almost never admit a truly unqualified applicant even if that person is a legacy student.Colleges give preference to legacy students because doing so can build family loyalty to the school and increase almuni donations.Most applicants arent legacies, and it isnt something you can control. If you arent a legacy, dont spend any time or energy worrying about it. How Much Does Legacy Status Matter in College Admissions? Most college admissions officers will state that legacy status is only a tiny factor in making the final admissions decision. Youll often hear that in a borderline case, legacy status might tip an admissions decision in the students favor. The reality, however, is that legacy status can be quite important. In some Ivy League schools, studies have shown that legacy students are twice as likely to be admitted as students without legacy status. This isnt information that most colleges want to advertise widely since it perpetuates the image of elitism and exclusivity that already surrounds the countrys most selective colleges, but theres really no denying that who your parents are can play a significant role in the college admissions equation. Why Does Legacy Status Matter? So if colleges dont want to be seen as elitist and exclusive, why do they practice legacy admissions? After all, it would be easy enough to evaluate applications without information about the colleges attended by other family members. The answer is simple: Money. Heres a typical scenario -- a graduate from Prestigious University gives $1,000 a year to the schools annual fund. Now imagine that the graduates child applies to Prestigious University. If the school rejects the legacy student, the parents good will is likely to evaporate, as will the $1,000 a year in gifts. The scenario is even more problematic if the graduate is wealthy and a prospect for giving the school $1,000,000. When multiple members of a family attend the same college or university, the loyalty to the school is often amplified, as are the gifts. When Junior is rejected from the school that Mom or Dad attended, anger and hard feelings can make the likelihood of future donations much less. What Can You Do? Unfortunately, legacy status is the one piece of your application over which you have zero control. Your grades, your essays, your SAT and ACT scores,  your extracurricular involvement, and to a certain extent, even your letters or recommendation are all pieces of your application that your effort can directly impact. With legacy status, you either have it or you dont. You can, of course, choose to apply to a college or university that your mother, father or sibling attended. But realize that legacy status is not something that you can force. If your great uncle attended a college, youll look desperate if you try to present yourself as a legacy. In general, parents and siblings are the only people who matter when it comes to determining legacy status. A Final Word on Legacy Status When you dont have legacy status, its easy to feel angry and hopeless in the face of the unfair preferential treatment some students receive. Some lawmakers are even trying to make legacy admissions illegal, for they do, in some cases, result in less qualified students being admitted over more qualified students. If theres any comfort to be found in this practice, its that the great majority of the applicant pool does not have legacy status. Yes, a few students have an unfair advantage, but the typical applicants odds of being admitted change very little whether or not a school gives preference to legacy students. Also, keep in mind that a significantly under-qualified legacy applicant will rarely be admitted. Schools dont admit students they dont think can succeed, legacy status or not.

Essay Perceval - 1099 Words

Perceval nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the story Perceval edited by Roger Sherman Loomis and Laura Hibbard Loomis, Perceval the main character has many adventures, in which he learns many lessons about life. The story starts out with Perceval, the son of a widow, out in the forest listening to the sweet season and all the warbling of the birds. In the distance he discovers knights riding towards him. At first he thought that they were devils, which his mother had warned him to stay away from. Then he saw all their bright and shiny armor and he thought it was the most beautiful thing he had ever seen, so according to his mother, angels were more beautiful than everything else in the world.†¦show more content†¦Perceval was very stubborn didn’t want to listen and he went even though it hurt his mother so. Before he left his mother gave him clothes and some words of advise about ladies and lords. She also told him of church and told him to always go and worship the Lord. Perceval agreed. On the morning that he left his mother chased after him and fell down at the end of the bridge, but he didn’t turn around he just kept going. Perceval rode the whole day and slept in the forest that night. The next morning he woke up and began to ride until he came across and tent with splendid colors, which caught his attention. Inside the tent he found a maiden who was unattended at that time. He remembered what his mother had told about ladies, to always receive a kiss and a ring. Perceval misunderstood this to mean that he was supposed to take it whether or not the maiden wanted to give it to him or not. This particular maiden was very upset after he forced himself onto her and took her ring. When her lover returned Perceval was gone, and the maiden was sitting alone crying. She told him the story of Perceval and he was very upset. Her lover told her that she had disgraced him and until he had killed Perceval her horse would have nothing to eat and she would not have any more luxuries. Meanwhile, Perceval rode on down the road to King Arthur’s castle. Outside there was a knight bearing red arms who had took King Arthur’s golden cup. PercevalShow MoreRelatedBeowulf, Perceval And Sir Orfeo1799 Words   |  8 Pages1. All three characters, Beowulf, Perceval and Sir Orfeo all begin in different stages of their characters. Beowulf begins as â€Å"the mightiest man on earth† (Beowulf 196). Beowulf has already fulfilled a knightly duty of protecting the poor and the weak. While King Hrothgar is not poor, he is weak: â€Å"[Hrothgar] sat stricken and helpless, / humiliated by the loss of his guard† (Beowulf 130-1), he is unable to help himself, and that is why Beowulf offers his assistance. He says, â€Å"I have come to proffer/Read MoreThe Story Of The Grail By Chretien De Troyes1128 Words   |  5 Pagesof the knight Perceval. In the beginning, Perceval is not called by his name, instead he is referred to as â€Å"the youth†. This is an important detail to stress, because the poem is a coming of age story. As the poem progresses, the reader is able to see definitive changes in Perceval’s character. For example, in the beginning of the poem Perceval uses the limited knowledge that was bestowed upon him by his mother in order to complete his â€Å"knightly† duties. To make it worse, Perceval feels the needRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Crucible 1425 Words   |  6 Pagesfinding the bottom of a wine jug. The only solution was to talk to a friend, and Perceval was the one man who could help. As much as he hated to interrupt Perceval’s supper with his wife, Gawain needed him now. Despite his sweaty and disheveled appearance, Gawain strode to Perceval’s chamber door and knocked. In a heartbeat, Perceval answered, his wide eyes traveling up and down Gawain. â€Å"Erm, you don’t look well.† Perceval stepped aside and gestured toward the dining table. â€Å"Come in and sit.† â€Å"Are youRead MoreAnalysis Of I m Ridiculous 992 Words   |  4 Pagesburied between her legs, or her mouth working his erection. Her heart pounded just imagining it and her face felt warm. In the past, she might have thought such acts were a little scary or overwhelming. But imagining engaging in such activities with Perceval was more exciting than anything else. Still, there was a time and place to have such thoughts, and now was not the time. â€Å"I’m ridiculous,† Joan admonished herself under her breath as she neared the castle. â€Å"Pull yourself together, Joan.† She approachedRead MoreGawain Essay1150 Words   |  5 PagesHowever, none of the shouted compliments or flowers tossed in their path seemed important today, not when he was desperate to lay eyes on his little family. As Perceval cantered down the lane on Aethon, and he did not spot Joan and Percy, he grew disappointed. â€Å"Damn, where are they?† asked Gawain, mirroring Perceval’s thoughts. Lionel, who’d ridden ahead for a time, brought his steed closer. â€Å"You don’t want your little ones caught up in this mob,† he shouted above the frenzied cheers. â€Å"There’sRead MoreShort Story1501 Words   |  7 PagesPerceval peered into the looking glass and regarded his beard. He had stopped shaving years ago, as it had become too much of a chore, and it turned out Joan loved his facial hair. â€Å"Love, is there more gray in my beard?† he asked Joan, scowling. â€Å"I am certain there is.† â€Å"More than yesterday?† she teased, standing by the hob, packing a deep basket with drinks and snacks. â€Å"I doubt it. But if there is, you’ve earned every gray whisker. That’s what happens when you’re forty, the father of six, and grandfatherRead MoreChretien De Troyess Romances1090 Words   |  5 Pagescompleted by just him. The other three have been worked on and finished by other authors. In this essay the themes from two of his works will be discussed. The works being analyzed are The Knight of the Cart (Lancelot) and The Story of the Grail (Perceval). The first theme being discussed is love. Love would be the most common thing found in romances. The word romance directly translates and means the word love. In both of the stories love is a driving factor behind the protagonists. The storyRead MoreKing Arthur and Lancelot1131 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom the Round Table to avoid Guenevere. He meets Perceval, a peasant boy, and takes him to Camelot to become a squire. Sir Gawain, under Morganas influence, accuses Guenevere of driving Lancelot away, driven from us by a womans desire, forcing Lancelot to duel Gawain to defend his and Gueneveres honor. The preceding night, Lancelot duels himself in a nightmare and awakens to find himself wounded by his own sword. Arthur hastily knights Perceval when Lancelot is late to the duel, but LancelotRead MoreThe Characters Of Arthurian Hero In Bernard Mallamuds The Natural1194 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Knights of the Round Table and The Fisher King. In many ways, The Natural mirrors the types c haracters, symbols, and events that occur in the Arthurian myths mentioned before. Many of the references made in The Natural relate to the story of Perceval and The Fisher King. One of the more obvious signs of the The Natural incorporating Arthurian legends in the story is through the portrayal of similar characters. For example, Pop Fisher is an unmistakable reference to Fisher King. Other than bothRead MoreShort Story793 Words   |  4 Pagessped down the hill in groups of five to ten. Perceval careened down the slope, flanked by Ulrich, Lionel, and Gawain. King Arthur was ahorse at the front of the crowd, and Guinevere stood beside the animal, whispering to the king as she clung to their baby. The sun blasted over the edge of the horizon, reflecting off the dew and making the land sparkle. It was, however, difficult to focus on the beauty of the moment with such a heavy heart. Perceval spotted Joan and, with a wide grin, ushered her

Child Sexual Abuse and Introduction Prostitution Free Essays

string(98) " for just gyrating around a pole to the throbbing rock music and flickering purple strobe lights\." SCOURGE OF CHILD PROSTITUTION IN THE PHILIPPINES A Research Paper Presented To Dr. Antonio R. Yango College of Arts and Sciences University of Perpetual Help System Laguna In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Course Communication Arts 2 By MARIA MAYBELLE F. We will write a custom essay sample on Child Sexual Abuse and Introduction Prostitution or any similar topic only for you Order Now GALANG March 2012 Introduction Prostitution is a performance of sexual acts solely for the purpose of material gain. Persons prostitute themselves when they grant sexual favors to others in exchange for money, gifts, or other payment and in so doing use their bodies as commodities. In legal terms, the word prostitute refers only to those who engage overtly in such sexual-economic transactions, usually for a specified sum of money. Prostitutes may be of either sex, but throughout history the majority have been women, who have usually entered prostitution through coercion or under economic stress. (http://www. free-researchpapers. com/dbs/b3/peh277. shtml) â€Å"Prostitution† to pay for school fees is just one of the many guises of children in the Philippine flesh trade. Nobody really knows how many Filipino children are in the sex trade, but they could number up to 100,000, according to the International Labor Organization (ILO). Many are recruited from the provinces, their appeal is the â€Å"freshness† factor. These children are exposed to the AIDS virus and sexually transmitted diseases, while many risk physical violence and failing health from long and unholy work hours. They suffer from harmful psychological stresses, development of distorted values, economic exploitation, lack of love and affection, breakdown of family ties, loss of self-worth and endangered lives if they decide to quit. Shocking it may be but there is more to child prostitution than meets the eye. It is just one facet of the horrors daily served to children working in what the ILO calls the worst form of labor, be it on the street or in the sea. (http://unionssaynotochildlabor. om/inthenews/the-world-of-rp%E2%80%99s-4-million-child-workers/) The Optional protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography in the Convention on the Rights of the child states that the prostitution of children or child prostitution is the practice whereby a child is used by others for sexual activities in return for remuneration or any other form of consideration (Article 2(b)). The remuneration or other consideration could be provided to the child or to another person. Most generally, the prostitution of children means that a party other than the child benefits from a commercial transaction in which the child is made available for sexual purposes – either an exploiter intermediary who controls or oversees the child’s activities for profit, or any other person who negotiates an exchange directly with a child in order to receive sexual gratification. (http://allafrica. com/stories/200711051563. html) According to Dela Pena, et al. 2004) these are the causes why prostitution is happening, there are the reasons, desire to earn big sum of money, there is a demand, Connivance of police and other law enforcement agencies/authorities, poor education, runaways/homeless, and the victims of rape and other violence. If there are reasons there is also a consequence, First their families are not respected in their neighborhood, they are the center of gossip, they are treated with no morals or respect, suffering violence from the hands of the police and their clients and considered trash, suffering physical and psychological consequences and last they are considered as sinful. Every day we watch more and more news concerning child prostitution, one of the worst forms of child labour. It has unfortunately become a common phenomenon in today’s society but people are not yet fully aware of what it really means, how many people are indirectly affected, and what the main consequences are. Millions of children from poor families are the main victims of this phenomenon, because there is a proportional relationship between economical problems and the spread of child prostitution: The poorer the country is, the more prevalent the problem is. A worldwide net of criminals, seeking economic benefits, works to entrap children and young people (mainly girls), to make a profit by selling them like goods and using their bodies for sexual purposes. Their targets are young people under 18, who live in rural areas, where the educational conditions are insufficient. Although the prevention against child prostitution has increased, it is very difficult to eliminate this â€Å"black hole†. (http://www. albstudent. albstudent. net/punime/K_Topi2. df) The Paper talks about how these innocent and clueless children engaged in such immoral business. Violence is the direct impact to the children suffering from this kind of situation. These children has different reasons why they chose this kind of profession. Poverty is the majority reason why they get into it, nowadays it is in demand, they are an orphan and homeless, in immoral nature, and the other one is jobless. Time after time, child exploitation getting worse to worst. To be left homeless and abandoned at 13 years old with a younger brother to provide for was too much for Angelina. Hungry and hopeless, begging food in a public park and nowhere to go, she found hope and happiness in the offer of two women job recruiters in Angeles City, Pampanga. Angelina arrived with the pimps in Angeles two years ago. It was teeming with fat foreigners walking the gaudy neon lit streets with beer bellies as big as a barrel dragging a young girl by the hand and heading to a cheap motel. Angelina was now being trained to provide ‘anything they wanted. Having been told that she would be serving drinks, she was put on the bar top with a dozen other young girls to dance in a bikini for the gawking lusting customers. The ‘Mamasan’, her handler, saw that she got paid a small percentage for the drinks sold when a customer called her down to sit on his lap and press her again his fat stomach and kiss her with an unshaved face smelling of beer and whiskey . It repelled Angelina but for this she would earn more than what she got for just gyrating around a pole to the throbbing rock music and flickering purple strobe lights. You read "Child Sexual Abuse and Introduction Prostitution" in category "Essay examples" It was more money than she ever had in her entire life. Then she was offered an increase if she would go ‘bar-hopping’ with a customer. She was promised that, that was the entire customer wanted, be seen with his trophy girl. (http://web. archive. org/web/20070927192510/http:/www. preda. org/archives/2005/ r05030201. html) In research conducted in  Cebu  in 2004, all the taxi drivers surveyed responded that they had had an encounter with a foreign tourist accompanied by a Filipino minor. Interviews conducted in a drop-in centre for victims of commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) showed that 70 per cent of the girls assisted were aged between 11 and 17 years. Cebu  is a prime tourist destination in the Philippines, and is advertised on websites providing information on where sex services are available. Two years ago, an American national was arrested as he tried to leave the US for the Philippines for making arrangements to have sex with two Filipino girls aged 9 and 12. There are indications that this kind of pre-arranged child sex tourism takes place in the country, and is highly facilitated by the Internet. Nationals from Austria, Australia, Belgium, Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Malaysia, the Netherlands and the United States have been arrested in the Philippines for sexual offences against children. (http://gvnet. com/childprostitution/Philippines. htm) In Batangas City, a Fifteen year old girl names Ana talks and dresses the way girls her age do. She wears trendy clothes imitated from models she sees in magazines and television shows. She also loves to have fun, and to sing. Beneath her smiles and bubbly personality, however, is a child in pain. A female recruiter, who promised Ana a job as a storekeeper in Cavite, flew her from her home province of Bukidnon to Manila in January 2006. From there, she was brought to Cavite and forced to work as a guest relations officer (GRO) in a bar and, eventually, as a prostitute. With three other girls? All minors? Ana was made to work from 4 p. m. till past midnight. If the girls refused to cooperate? Steve? A nephew of the bar owner, would beat them or douse them with water. Ana’s first customers were Coast Guard members who forced her to have sex with them for a fee. She took the experience with a grain of salt. It’s OK. I was raped by my father when I was 7 years old? Ana said, further revealing a darker part of her life. For 10 months, Ana’s life was controlled by the bar owners, who offered her like a merchandise to patrons. (Querubin, 2007) A Filipino Girl at the tender age of three  was forced to perform oral sex on  strangers. What’s worse is that her pimp is her own mother, a drug addict. The girl’s plight is shocking but not unique, said Dr Jean D’Cunha from the United  Nations Development Fund for Women (Unifem). Children of increasingly young ages are being forced into prostitution to fuel the  billion-dollar tourism trade in child sex, said international experts on prostitution and human  trafficking at a conference here. Add the growing number of similarly victimised young women, and the experts  believe that ‘millions’ are being trafficked worldwide for the sex trade. They are convinced the pool is  swelling, but could not offer definitive figures due to the clandestine nature of the trade. (http://web. archive. org/web/20080614060120/http:/www. childexploitation. org/prostitution6. tml) The researcher conducted this research and covered this research topic is they wanted to prioritize by the law-makers this kind of illegal business, to let the government officials realized that the country we belong is included at the ranking of this child flesh trade activity. To do an action to prevent this kind of illegal as well as socially proscribed. Make an organization in the community which includes rules and regulations that can avoid prostitution and especially the Laws will be tightened specially the penalties for those responsible, promoters and beneficiaries of child prostitution were increase drastically. Body Causes of Child Prostitution As mentioned by Jarapa, et al. (2000), poverty in a land laid waste by recurring typhoon which sends families running to their cities; Poverty of education and the lack of relevant training which brings humiliating unemployment to the poorest of the poor; Poverty of esteem and opportunity which prevents parents from being able to defend their youngster; Poverty of the Spirit which destroys the will of the family to stay together; Poverty of the mind which in the name of tourism and the mighty dollar forces children into prostitution. Ages range engage in Child Prostitution Street children are children who either live or work on the streets, spending a significant amount of time engaged in different occupations, with or without the care and protection of responsible adults. With ages ranging from 5 to 18 years old, these children ply the sidewalks in a desperate attempt to eke out whatever meager amount they can earn for their survival. An estimated 25% live on the streets. (http//www. childhope. com. ages of child prostitution. 2003) The  Philippines  is highly affected by all forms of commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC), which seem to be closely linked and greatly impact on one another. While tourism has been used to promote economic growth, it has also resulted in child sex tourism in the Philippines. In research conducted in  Cebu  in 2004, all the taxi drivers surveyed responded that they had had an encounter with a foreign tourist accompanied by a Filipino minor. Interviews conducted in a drop-in centre for victims of commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) showed that 70 per cent of the girls assisted were aged between 11 and 17 years. Cebu  is a prime tourist destination in the Philippines, and is advertised on websites providing information on where sex services are available. Two years ago, an American national was arrested as he tried to leave the US for the Philippines for making arrangements to have sex with two Filipino girls aged 9 and 12. There are indications that this kind of pre-arranged child sex tourism takes place in the country, and is highly facilitated by the Internet. Nationals from Austria, Australia, Belgium, Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Malaysia, the Netherlands and the United States have been arrested in the Philippines for sexual offences against children. (http//www. ecpat. net. ages of child prostitution. ECPAT International. 006) No. of Child in Prostitution Filipinos mostly used women for Prostitution. The Philippines was ranked no. 4 in child Prostitution. Estimatedly 3,366 children still forced in this activity every year. Prostitution is not a business in the Philippines but an industry. (http//www. scribd. com. Prostitution. 2011) The  Virlanie  Foundation, a local child protection NGO, estimated that there wer e at least 20 thousand child prostitutes in the country, most in the Metro Manila area. Other NGOs estimated that as many as 100 thousand children were involved in the commercial sex industry. Most of these children were girls, and nearly all had dropped out of school. These children come from very poor families with unemployed or irregularly employed parents. The  Virlanie  Foundation offered housing, training, and counseling services to child prostitutes. An ILO program resulted in more than six thousand children being removed or prevented from engaging in the worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sex industry. (http//www. state. gov. com. no. of child in prostitution. 2006) Prostitution in the Three Sociological Perspectives As discussed by Garcia, et al. (1986) Prostitution has Three Sociological Perspectives. Prostitution According to the Functionalists. Prostitution has certain functions in society. It meets the need of husbands who are not fully satisfied by their wives as well as the needs of single and widowed persons who have no available sex partners. The customers are sexually gratified without any responsibility or commitment; the prostitutes earn something for their everyday subsistence. It virtually becomes a matter of give-and-take relationship. Prostitution According to the Conflict Theorists. Prostitution is the offshoot of an unjust society in which the dominant group would always impress on the subordinate groups of their superiority not only in material possession but also in morality. They deliberately want the poor to remain poor or to become poorer so they will not be a threat to the top position they hold on in the social ladder. Prostitution According to the Interactionists. In the first place, the interactionists see a ganut of relationships that exist between prostitutes and their respective clients. If there are 1,001 encounters between them, expect different kinds of interactions and impressions. These are the different interpretations from four parties, namely: The married man himself: â€Å"I prefer staying with her than with my wife. She knows my needs and she is an expert in satisfying them. † The Prostitute: â€Å"Well, this is what we call luck. I might as well learn to love the old man. † The wife: â€Å"I cannot figure out why my husband goes for this whore. She is nothing compared to me. † A friend of the old man: â€Å"There’s nothing wrong with it. Anyway we live in a double-standard society. Usual places where Prostitution occurs As explained by Perez, et al. (2000) Child prostitution exists not only in Metro Manila (M. H. del Pilar, Mabini, Sta. Monica, and Flores streets in the tourists belt), but also in the provinces with the youngsters servicing both local and foreign clients of both sexes. The provincial areas are: Puerto Galera, M indoro; Poro Point in San Fernando, La Union; Bacolod City, Buhi, Camarines Sur; Bulacan; Mactan International Airport, Cebu; Pagsanjan, Laguna; Boracay Island, Aklan; Angeles City; Bulusan Sorsogon; Cavite; Olongapo City; Legaspi City. Pedophiles and their sickness called â€Å"Pedophilia† Dr. Anthony Siracusa, a psychologist specializing in treating sexually abused children from Williamstown, Massachusetts, states that adults who have a thing for children are often stressed and anxious about relationships with other adults. According to Siracusa these people are called regressed offenders, because they are not dealing on the level of an adult but are going back to a former period in their life. Sometimes these people bounce back and forth form a relationship with another adult to criminal relationships with children. Dr. Hord also agrees that insecurity is at the heart of the pedophile’s inability to relate to an adult intimate relationship. Pedophiles are not capable of having a normal healthy relationship sexually and often socially with other adults. The adult relationship is difficult or even daunting for them and therefore it easier to be attracted to a child. Insecurity translates to the need to control the sexual experience and of course it is very easy to do with a child. It is not so easy to do in a healthy adult relationship. (http://mental-personality-disorders. factoidz. com. pedophilia. roach. 2009) Diseases that can be acquired by Prostitutes Veneral disease has been recognize as a health hazard for centuries. Despite the supposedly new sexual awareness, a great number of people continue to catch and transmit it. It is an infection transmitted from person to person by intimate body contact, or other forms of skin-to-skin contact with an infected person. Syphilis and gonorrhoea are two venereal disease which have reached alarming proportions. Syphilis is caused by a corkscrew-shaped micro-organism called spirochete which enters the body mucous membranes or breaks in the skin. Gonorrhoea is caused by the bacterium gonococcus. Upon How to cite Child Sexual Abuse and Introduction Prostitution, Essay examples

Explore the Main Implications of the European Union

Question: Describe about the Explore the main implications of the European Union, extending its membership to include the former communist countries of central and eastern Europe? Answer: In response to the major financial crisis that took place in European Union region, both the banking system and the supervisory structure of the region took stern measures to put in corrective checks. However it can be debated whether the measures were adequate and what more or different could have been done in the prevailing situation. The debt crisis exposed structural weakness in some of the countries of the region, primary being the unsustainable levels of both public and private debt. The financial crisis was also able to expose the systematic shortcomings in the detailed architecture of the monetary and economic union in the region. National Governments of the region along with institutions took slew of measures to safeguard the financial stability and also to strengthen the architecture of the institutions (Arezki, 2011). The complexity of financial integration in the Euro zone and the significance of the same cannot be decoded without understanding the complex structure on which the Euro zone is standing. The establishment of the single currency in the region followed by the Governance structure leads to formation of contagion on the whole region even if the small part of the whole region is making trouble (Ruffert, 2011). The structure of The European Union and its banking structure is based on the framework that each member country will support the existence of the other in times of crisis. However in the current situation countries like Germany which have healthy GDP to debt ratio are financing the needs of country like Greece and Spain which are struggling in the region. This has led to rise of the question whether the structure is good enough to survive the down time. The cost of debt has come down sharply in most of the countries, however the risk appetite of the investor has not risen as the d emand remains to be subdued in the region. Although ECB has been following an ultra loose monetary policy and has also enforced negative interest rate in the economy, the demand has been very sluggish and this is the prime reason why respite is still not felt in the region. Coupled with the already leveraged problem there are high chances that the region will move into deflation mode, as even in the ultra loose monetary policy inflation is not picking up and is way below the desired state (Lane, 2012). In response to the recent debt crisis in the European region there have been slew of austerity measures, debt write downs, ultra loose monetary policy, creation of huge bailout fund. These measures have been intended to provide the whole region some kind of financial stability. In reaction to this we have seen fallen interest rate in the economy, huge rally in stock market but the real market indicators are showing no signs of improvement. The debt crisis exposed structural weakness in some of the countries of the region, primary being the unsustainable levels of both public and private debt. The financial crisis was also able to expose the systematic shortcomings in the detailed architecture of the monetary and economic union in the region. National Governments of the region along with institutions took slew of measures to safeguard the financial stability and also to strengthen the architecture of the institutions. The cost of debt has come down sharply in most of the countries, however the risk appetite of the investor has not risen as the demand remains to be subdued in the region. Although ECB has been following an ultra loose monetary policy and has also enforced negative interest rate in the economy, the demand has been very sluggish and this is the prime reason why respite is still not felt in the region. Coupled with the already leveraged problem there are high chances that the region will move into deflation mode, as even in the ultra loose monetary policy inflation is not picking up and is way below the desired state. The banking system in the region has led to Government follow steep austerity measure in the region, however the same has provided no major relief to state finances and public debt. The increased level of taxes followed by huge cuts in Government spending has led to sharp contraction in the economy. The direction of the Government and ECB are not in synchronization. The debt crisis exposed structural weakness in some of the countries of the region, primary being the unsustainable levels of both public and private debt. The financial crisis was also able to expose the systematic shortcomings in the detailed architecture of the monetary and economic union in the region. National Governments of the region along with institutions took slew of measures to safeguard the financial stability and also to strengthen the architecture of the institutions. The establishment of the single currency in the region followed by the Governance structure leads to formation of contagion on the whole regio n even if the small part of the whole region is making trouble. The structure of The European Union and its banking structure is based on the framework that each member country will support the existence of the other in times of crisis. However in the current situation countries like Germany which have healthy GDP to debt ratio are financing the needs of country like Greece and Spain which are struggling in the region. This has led to rise of the question whether the structure is good enough to survive the down time. The cost of debt has come down sharply in most of the countries, however the risk appetite of the investor has not risen as the demand remains to be subdued in the region (Prez-Caldentey, 2012). The complexity of financial integration in the Euro zone and the significance of the same cannot be decoded without understanding the complex structure on which the Euro zone is standing. The establishment of the single currency in the region followed by the Governance structure leads to formation of contagion on the whole region even if the small part of the whole region is making trouble (Ruffert, 2011). The structure of The European Union and its banking structure is based on the framework that each member country will support the existence of the other in times of crisis. However in the current situation countries like Germany which have healthy GDP to debt ratio are financing the needs of country like Greece and Spain which are struggling in the region. This has led to rise of the question whether the structure is good enough to survive the down time. The cost of debt has come down sharply in most of the countries, however the risk appetite of the investor has not risen as the demand remains to be subdued in the region. Although ECB has been following an ultra loose monetary policy and has also enforced negative interest rate in the economy, the demand has been very sluggish and this is the prime reason why respite is still not felt in the region. The international investors are not putting money in the region and that is easily visible by means of buying trends seen in Italian and Spanish bond. Majority of the bond auctions are seen to be closed only by the domestic buyers. The cost of debt has come down sharply in most of the countries, however the risk appetite of the investor has not risen as the demand remains to be subdued in the region. Although ECB has been following an ultra loose monetary policy and has also enforced negative interest rate in the economy, the demand has been very sluggish and this is the prime reason why respite is still not felt in the region. Coupled with the already leveraged problem there are high chances that the region will move into deflation mode, as even in the ultra loose monetary policy inflation is not picking up and is way below the desired state. However it can be debated whether the measures were adequate and what more or different could have been done in the prevailing situation. The debt crisis exposed structural weakness in some of the countries of the region, primary being the unsustainable levels of both public and private debt. The financial crisis was also able to expose the systematic shortcomings in the detailed architecture of the monetary and economic union in the region. National Governments of the region along with institutions took slew of measures to safeguard the financial stability and also to strengthen the architecture of the institutions (Arezki, 2011). The complexity of financial integration in the Euro zone and the significance of the same cannot be decoded without understanding the complex structure on which the Euro zone is standing. The establishment of the single currency in the region followed by the Governance structure leads to formation of contagion on the whole region even if the small part of the whole region is making trouble (Ruffert, 2011). References: Arezki, R., Candelon, B., Sy, A. (2011). Sovereign rating news and financial markets spillovers: Evidence from the european debt crisis.IMF working papers, 1-27 Ruffert, M. (2011). The European debt crisis and European Union law.Common Market Law Review,48(6), 1777-1805 Lane, P. R. (2012). The European sovereign debt crisis.The Journal of Economic Perspectives,26(3), 49-67 Prez-Caldentey, E., Vernengo, M. (2012).The euro imbalances and financial deregulation: a Post-Keynesian interpretation of the European debt crisis(No. 702). Working Paper, Levy Economics Institute Featherstone, K. (2011). The JCMS Annual Lecture: The Greek Sovereign Debt Crisis and EMU: A Failing State in a Skewed Regime*.JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies,49(2), 193-217 Gianviti, F., Krueger, A. O., Pisani-Ferry, J., Sapir, A., von Hagen, J. (2010).A European mechanism for sovereign debt crisis resolution: a proposal(Vol. 9). Brussels: Bruegel Beirne, J., Fratzscher, M. (2013). The pricing of sovereign risk and contagion during the European sovereign debt crisis.Journal of International Money and Finance,34, 60-82

Tanglewood Case 3 free essay sample

Also, it will allow them to recruit employees with different strengths and weaknesses, helping them to create a team work that is supported by all of its members. On the other hand, Tanglewood can use targeted recruitment for high management positions that might require specific KSAOs, so the job can be developed. * Media: Tanglewood is media advertising, such as print, radio, and television advertising sources, coupled with respondents filling out a standardized job application. This is an open method of recruitment since it gives the opportunity to a large body of people to apply for the job. Referrals: it is a targeted method since allow employees from Tanglewood to promote and show the positions available to people who might meet the job requirements. * Kiosk: Is an open method since a large variety of people to apply for any position at the store, instead of writing on a piece of paper their personal information, they type it into the system. We will write a custom essay sample on Tanglewood Case 3 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page * State Job Services: It can be an open method since all unemployed people can look for any positions available. However, it can be targeted since some positions will require some specific qualifications for certain positions available. Staffing Agency: It can be both targeted an open since they can look for special people with specific qualifications, and people with basic skills for any regular job. 3. Western Washington branches find that referrals possess a higher qualification and retention rate than kiosks, media and job service; it also provides the highest percent of applicants hired. Furthermore, Job service is very practical for this side of the company, even though the percentages and the number of applicants hired are less; it provides the same satisfaction as referrals. On the Eastern Washington branches, referrals also play an important role in the recruitment process, even though Kiosks and media both provide a high number of applicants, the hiring and retention rate for referrals is way much higher allowing this to be an important tool for this branch to find future employees. On the other hand, for Northern Oregon branches find that by using staffing agencies a better way to find their employees since it provides them with a higher qualification, short and longer retention. The Kiosks and media provide certain type of percentage and even though they are cheaper, they are not as effective as hiring an agency. Finally, In Southern Oregon Kiosks provide the bigger pool of applicants, but it holds a low retention and qualification rate. In this branches they also prefer to use staffing agencies since it provides a better short and long time retention and qualification for the job; however, staffing agencies represent a higher costs, since it is more expensive than referrals and kiosks. . The Northern Oregon suggests an idea of using Kiosks and staffing agencies for hiring employees for all the stores, they believe this is the most accurate way that Tanglewood should use and implement to recruit new workforce; these methods have not only been successful Northern Oregon, but for South Oregon region too. However, The Eastern and Western regions have used a different approach, they have used the employee referral tool to recruit new employees, and it has been s uccessful until the moment. I believe this region does not have a valid point, because if they decide to generalize the hiring and recruitment process into general ways as Kiosks and staffing companies, these other branches might start using and hiring people who does not have clearly understand what the needs, tasks, basic requirements and knowledge for the job are. Also, by implementing these new policies these branches might not receive the same quantity of people trying to enter the organization, and quality from the employees, affecting the working environment and results of these stores. . Tanglewood wants to keep improving their customer service quality to better assist the costumers; they should focus on obtaining sufficient quality from the variety of people who would like to work at Tanglewood, allowing employees to see this company and this position as a long term commitment. If we pay attention what Tanglewood is scared the most is the retention rates of positions from their employees, since employe es do not believe and feel any kind of closure between them and the job. Furthermore, Tanglewood has noticed before that many employees hired without any kind of retail experience do not recognize the importance of having good customer service skills, and training is not enough to solve this issue. Tanglewood should look for people with certain skills for specific positions, they should look for quality employees who have at least a minimum of knowledge, and with the help of training reinforce their knowledge and teach them how to apply this on their job. 6. A realistic recruitment message is a basic way of communication that states the name of the company and the job as it is. The purpose of this type of communication is that companies try to sell the job to applicants with only the positive things about the job, like good salary and benefits. Job attributes in an RJP for an associate: POSITIVE JOB ATTRIBUTES * Dental, Vision and Medical care. * Belong to a strong and respected workforce. * Training in different learning areas. * Different opportunities to obtain promotion. NEGATIVE JOB ATTRIBUTES * Salary has not risen for the past four years. * Promotions are very selective. * Annual reduction of benefits for family members. A branded message is when an organization wants to show a good image, so future applicants might develop a connection feeling towards the organization, in this way the company will try to sell the idea to the applicant by saying that this company is a great place to work surrounded by nice, helpful and committed people. * Would you like to work in a nice competitive environment in which you can exceed your abilities as a professional? Well, come and apply at Tanglewood stores, and learn and master your abilities while getting paid; receive medical, dental and vision care and 401K. Don’t waste your time!!

War Against Marijuana Legalize it essays

War Against Marijuana Legalize it essays A total of 3,470,545 Americans have been arrested for marijuana offenses. In 1997 state and local law enforcement arrested 695,200 people for marijuana violations. That number is the highest ever recorded by the FBI. Of the 682,885 arrests made in 1998, approximately 88% were for simple possession. The remaining 12% were for sale and manufacture. Every 52 seconds, a marijuana smoker is arrested in America. This is truly a waste of law enforcement and a waste of our tax money. These people getting arrested are generally responsible adults capable of making their own decisions. Marijuana was made illegal in 1937, but hemp was kept legal to use. Hemp provides from four to fourteen tons of dry fibers per acre per year. It can be made into paper, cloth, and cellulose for plastic. If drug laws would allow hemp farming, wed have an alternative resource for paper, which would save our trees. When you look at the one-dollar bill, you are looking at a hemp farmer, George Washington grew hemp. The US Drug Enforcement Agency is ignorant to realize that there is a big difference between hemp and marijuana. Hemp can not be used to get high, and it never was used for that, but it still was put in the same category as heroin. Our tax dollars go to feed all the people that are held in prison on marijuana related charges. Those people are now struggling to feed their children, knowing that they wont get much help, because they are criminals according to a good percentage of society. Our society thinks marijuana isnt acceptable because it is illegal. Marijuana was made illegal because congress put up a fight, and went against narcotics. It was found a narcotic when it was classified along with opiates. It was deemed too dangerous to allow research, and dismissed all attempts to argue over it. We know that the legal drug addictions present now, do not cause any crimes. The actions from them, but not the use. ...

Nutrition assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nutrition assignment - Essay Example However, there are a number of alternative risk factors, which increase ones possibility of lung cancer development. There are various risk factors, which increases a person’s chance of developing a health condition. Examples of the risk factors include cigarette smoking; an increase in smoking habit raises the risks of lung cancer development, especially at a young age that is slightly lowered by smoking the filtered and low-tar cigarettes. Age is another risk factor where most people who develop lung cancer are over 65years of age. A genetic risk caused by close relatives who has had a history of lung cancer. In addition, individuals exposed to asbestos for a long period are at high risk of developing lung cancer. On the other hand, HIV/AIDS and other illness victims have a low immunity as well as those under medications that lower the body immunity after having an organ transplant and contact with certain chemicals- such as uranium, silica, nickel, and chromium but this is rare. Disease-fighting phytochemicals should be incorporated in the patients’ diet. Phytochemicals- naturally occurring chemicals in vegetables, fruits, whole grain, and beans that play a role in supporting a person’s health. They benefit the body by protecting cells against chemical reactions that can lead to cancer, preventing the formation carcinogens and blocking the actions of carcinogens. The victim should not use supplements of vitamin E and b-carbonate they increase the risk. The patient should maintain a lean body as possible by being very active. The person should maintain a healthy weight and most of all stay away from

NY Safe Act Potential Impacts on Juvenile Offenders and Community Essay

NY Safe Act Potential Impacts on Juvenile Offenders and Community - Essay Example The Juvenile Justice System (JJS) refers to a group of juvenile courts in any given country. The juvenile court which is also referred to as the offender’s courts is mandated with the passing of judgments for any crime which young children commit. Many JJS especially in the New York are meant for the rehabilitation of the young children instead of imprisonment http://open.nysenate.gov/legislation/bill/s2230-2013. Though the JJS provides a place for the juveniles to correct their behaviors, through rehabilitation, the Act has a lot of effects on juvenile offenders, their families, community safety and the mental health practice. One of the impacts of the law or Act on juvenile offenders is that they would get to know their mistakes and thereby correct them. By punishing the young ones, they would be affected mentally, but as per the court stipulations, they should first be given advice as to why they are in court and how their behavior should be corrected (shoemaker 2009). The families of the juveniles would also be affected by the law. One of the effects to the families includes emotional stress, especially to the parents. On the other hand, the families can also appreciate for the corrective behavior that their children would adopt. Though many parents of the juvenile offenders would not appreciate the corrective behavior offered to their children, some would appreciate since their lifetime behavior would also change (Wheeler 1978). On the impact on the community, there would be improvement on the safety of the community at large since even the children form part of the community. There would also be a reduction of the number of crimes and this would also serve as a lesson to the other young children in the community. The passing of laws against the juvenile offenders would also have some effects on the mental health practice in the New York. For one, the mental health practice has

Understanding Of Market-Based Management Term Paper

Understanding Of Market-Based Management - Term Paper Example b). The Vantage Point of Dispersed Knowledge Dispersed knowledge possessed by the isolated individuals is better than centrally planned expert knowledge in coordinating human economic activities. It is argued that â€Å"historical experience shows that market economies, which rely on the dispersed knowledge and independent judgment of numerous consumers and producers, consistently provide a dramatically higher quality of life than centrally planned economies" (Gabble and Ellig, 1993, p. 5). It is important to note that the logic of market functioning is not only applicable to inter-businesses relations but also to the governing of specific business organizations. Simply speaking, the idea of dispersed knowledge possessed by the customers at the vantage positions of the market is equally applied to the ‘within' of the corporations too. III. Koch Industries and Market-Based Management At Koch Industries, the application of market-based management saw a 2000 fold increase in the book value after the policy was initiated in the early 1990s. For them, it is a "philosophy that enables organizations to succeed long term by applying the principles that allow free societies to prosper" (Koch, 2007, p. vii). Importantly, at Koch industries, "vision, virtue and talents, knowledge processes, decision rights and incentives" are the five dimensions of market-based management (Koch, 2007, p. vii). All these five dimensions were applied in a holistic manner at the Koch Industries so that the effect was always transformative.

Public and Private Companies in Malaysia

Public and Private Companies in Malaysia The number of private going to public listed company is the common ways to practice in Malaysia. In contrary, public listed companies going private has increased sharply in recent years like the mushroom after raining release onto the business world. This adjustment is formed by the Stock Exchange of Malaysia, Bursa Malaysia. In the beginning of 2007, there has offer a series of privatisation of public listed companies on our local bourse, Bursa Malaysia. The trend of privatisation of public listed companies in the Bursa Malaysia has raised more than 20 privatisations since 2007 (source: Announcements from Bursa Malaysia). The establishment of the Stock Exchange of Malaysia in 1964 had given a new perspective in the Malaysian economic landscape. This institute will help in quick expansion of its longer term capital growth and enhancing global competitive. Since its formation, the Stock Exchange of Malaysia, Bursa Malaysia, has over 1,000 listed companies provide a wide range opportunity of investment choices to local and foreign investors include retail and institutional level, merchant banks and unit trust companies. Bursa Malaysia (formerly known as Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange, KLSE) has currently more than 982 public listed companies (as at 17 September 2008) with a total market capitalization in excess of RM930 billion. It is one of the largest Stock Exchange in South East Asia, No. 1 in terms of listed companies, and No. 2 in terms of market capitalization after Singapore. The privatisation continued through 2008 with 21 privatisation proposals on the Bursa Malaysia. According to OSK Research Head Chris Eng comments that the wind of privatisation was expected to be strong next year in view of the low valuation of stocks, although earnings may contract but price-to-earnings ratio is still low. This demonstrates that the privatization will carried out efficiency in the view of the researcher excluded the global financial crisis. Jupiter Securities head of research Pong Teng Siew said the privatisation trend was unlikely to insist during the global financial crisis. The privatisation issue will outcome in the view of global credit crunch. The global credit crunch can reduce funds available to local and foreign investor. An example for proposed plan to privatise in AirAsia had illustrates core issue to privatisation, which is the funding source. However, this will cause the AirAsia stay at the security position. AirAsias major shareholder Tune Air Sdn Bhd, leadership by the groups chief executive Datuk Seri Tony Fernandes, had announce to put on hold its plan to privatise and delist the counter from the local stock exchange due to the difficulties in securing funding. The privatise position will affect their funds and share easily acquirer by outsider owned sufficient capital. Other factors that may fuel privatization include businesses that were fairly stable where there was no need to raise cash via equity, which in turn made the requirements of a listing such as the need to hold AGMs and issue annual reports. Such requirements on listed companies had leave the companies with little breathing space, less liberty and make it difficult for companies to make major the decisions such as expanding overseas, acquiring new businesses or obtaining new shareholders without losing precious time in these pursuits. By going private, the companys major shareholders are able to focus on taking bigger strategic risks in order to enjoy long-term profits without facing intense scrutiny of public shareholders and being constrained by the need to consider how a proposed transaction might influence the quarterly earnings or the volatility of the share price of the company. Kenanga Investment Bank Head of Corporate Finance Debbie Leong agrees. She said other than cheap valuation; other motivating factors included the cost of maintaining the listing status. She said the same goes for companies too that were not bring benefit from having a listing status, such as the inability to tap the capital market for funds due to lack of visibility to investors, low analyst coverage, or the mere fact that the companies were too small to gain attention from institutional shareholders. In the view of point, Analysts from anonymous said privatisation also played a significant role in continuous bringing stock prices closer to their intrinsic values (actual cost of the company). Privatisations are likely to involve small to mid-cap companies going forward, as the quantum involves in completing the privatisation would be smaller (less than RM100 million) and thus more manageable when it comes to funding in view of the current global credit crunch. OSK Research head Chris Eng said it believe that there is an increasing privatisation trend among small, family-owned public-listed companies especially identified where cash per share is higher than the share price. Bursa Malaysiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s Kuala Lumpur Composite Index had tumbled to 876.40 points on December 19, 2008, a 73% drop from its peak of 1,516.22 on January 2008. It is worth noting that the price-to-earnings ratio of the Kuala Lumpur Composite Index had also dipped to 10.10 times as of the week ended December 19, 2008 from a high of 16.84 times as of the week ended January 11, 2008. Its lowest price-earnings-ratio for the year was 9.31 times for the week ended October 24, 2008. There are more than a total 86 new listings for the past 3 years from the year of 2006 until 2008, whereby there were 40 new listings in the year of 2006, 28 new listings in the year of 2007 and 18 new listings in the year of 2008 (as at 17 September 2008) on the Bursa Malaysia. Total money raised from the public listing exercise and other corporate exercise was RM 4.1 billon in 2006 and RM 16.8 billion in the year of 2007 (source: from Bursa Malaysiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s 2007 Annual Report). Some RM46.29 billion has been wiped out from Bursa Malaysiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s market capitalisation in the first half of the year of 2007, as 17 companies were taken private, a stock exchange official said. In contrast, the stock market added RM3.74 billion in market capitalisation from the listing of 16 companies in the same period. Global leveraged buyout volume for the first six months of the year 2007 was estimated at US$450 billion (RM1.56 trillion), more than double the whole of last year of 2006. The privatization of these companies signals a very mature and robust financial market, with a favourable credit market. The cycle of privatisation will turn when interest rate goes up and companies find it more expensive to raise funds from the credit market. Selvarany Rasiah, Chief Regulatory Officer of Bursa Malaysia (Business Times Malaysia 20 June 2007). (Source: Business Times 22 September 2008) Privatisations are common done with reasons; the owner is motivated to do so when the share price does not reflect its fundamental value. Expectations are high that the rate of privatisation may pick up by the third quarter of 2009, once the global credit situation has eased and there is more clarity. Interestingly, PricewaterhouseCoopers Advisory Sdn Bhd, Senior Executive Director Tan Siow Ming says private equity firms may feature more prominently as an alternative source of financing for the privatisation exercises. Three factors, he says, may whet the appetite of private equity players in the public to private deals. Firstly, they have a considerable amount of investible funds in their coffers; secondly they are able to leverage at reasonable cost given the current credit crunch; and thirdly, it may fit strategically with their overall investment strategy. The economy report made by shahriman johari, rupa damodaran ,chong pooi koon had said Malaysias economy growth is expected to increase between 2 per cent and 3 per cent in 2010 which supported by private investment and consumption. (Source: Business Times Saturday OCT 24, 2009) THE government plans to privatise selected government agencies and give customised incentives to attract fresh investments from the private sector. This forms part of the governments plan to develop a new economic model based on high income, which will be the focus in the 10th Malaysia Plan (10MP). It did not select which agencies will be privatised, but this will recognized as the second wave of privatisation. The government has work out their effort to improve the financial sector to facilitate efficient intermediation. Then, it can measure to enhance access, cut transaction costs and promote stock broking and fundraising activities. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) wont be left out. There are incentives to help them modernize and sustain their operations. In addition, the numerous grants and loan schemes will be rationalised to improve access and effectiveness (Source: Business Times Saturday OCT 24, 2009). Obviously, the privatisation exist MA transactions in Malaysia. The main regulations governing MA transactions in Malaysia include the Companies Act 1965, the Capital Market Services Act 2007 (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾CMSAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸), the Guidelines provided for the Acquisition of Assets, the Malaysian Code on Takeovers and Mergers 1998 (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Take-over Codeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸), Mergers and Takeovers issued by the Foreign Investment Committee (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾FIC Guidelinesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸) and the Listing Requirements of the Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Bursa Malaysiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸) for public listed companies. Section 216 of the CMSA and the Companies Act 1965 govern MA transactions that involve the sale or purchase of substantial assets by a public company while Section 217 of the CMSA and the Take-over Code regulate MA transactions that involves the acquisition of voting shares which results in a change of control in a company. These regulations are put in pla ce to protect the interests of shareholders and to ensure that all take-overs and mergers take place in a competitive, informed and efficient market. Also, the laws and regulations are to ensure all shareholders of a company involved in a take-over and merger situation receive fair and equal treatment. Public listed companies in the Bursa Malaysia are adjustment become private encourage whole acquisition offer to the shareholders of the public listed company. The conduct of the take-over schemes are regulated by the Securities Commission and are subject to the Malaysian Code on Take-Overs and Mergers 1998. The general offer trigger is 33% where: (i) In order to an acquisition of 33% of voting shares by a person in addition with persons acting in concert with them (acquirer), or when (ii) The acquirer had already holds more than 33% but less than 50%, hold 2% within a period of 6 (six) months from the date of acquisition would require that such a mandatory offer be made. Once the level of acceptance has achieved 50% of more, the offer becomes unconditional. Some acquirer exposure in a condition for a takeover of other property such that it must have at least 50% of the shares in a voluntary takeover scheme, failing which the acceptance will be the rate of return to shareholders. Once the acceptance of the takeover breaches the 75% level, the listed company breaches the public shareholding spread requirement under the Listing Requirements of the Bursa Malaysia. The public listed company which drop short of the 25% spread requirement may request for an extension of time from Bursa Malaysia to rectify the situation. The company could be suspended or delisted unless the listed company finds means of increasing the public spread to at least 25% again if no extension of time is granted by Bursa Malaysia (Source: Bursa Malaysia Listing Requirements and Securities Commission Malaysian Code on Take-Overs 1988). The most common methods of privatization observed on our Bursa Malaysia are as follows:- 1. Direct offer A voluntary general offer can be made for the rest of the shares not owned by the owner or related parties acting in concert. 2. Via a new company or special purpose vehicle company The owner can use a new company or incorporate a special purpose vehicle company to acquire all his shares and the rest of shares owned by the other shareholders. 3. Acquire the business In order to avoid rejection by some minority shareholders, more and more owners are using this method, i.e. seeking shareholdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ approval to sell the entire business and thereafter distribute the cash proceeds back to shareholders. The end effect is the same as cash offer for the shares. 1.2 Objectives of the Study Based on the gains sharing issue highlighted above, this study carries out an analysis on the numbers of publicly traded companies in Malaysia that had participated in going private transactions in 2007. Moreover, there have been myriads studies concerned on the motive and/or reasons for mergers and acquisitions mostly in the United States, United Kingdom and Europe, but very few motives and/or reasons have been addressed for public listed companies going private. The number of public listed companies going private has increased sharply in recent years like the mushroom after raining especially in Malaysia, as part of widespread corporate restructuring. Privatisation is the reverse of a public listing exercise. However, little evidence has been provided to prove for similar applications in the Malaysian capital market. This paper aims to fill the gap and contribute to existing literature. The objective of this study is to determine the following:- 1. What is the motive for a public listed company to go private? 2. How is the price earnings ratio and price to book valuation of a public listed company in relation to companies being taken private? 3. How emphasis is given to the offer price that has been offered by these companies to their public shareholders and with this the study strives to achieve the objectives? The following objectives below are; i) To measure the fairness of the offer price offered to the minority shareholders by comparing the share price derived by the discounted cash flow valuation with the offer price offered by the companies when the transaction took place; and ii) To assess whether the gain sharing proposition established in previous literatures can be generalized in Malaysia financial market as what observed in the in the country such as the U.S., the UK and other European countries. 1.3 Scope of the Study This study will cover all public listed companies listed on the Bursa Malaysia which is being taken private in 2007. It will examine the motives and/or reasons for public listed companies in Malaysia going private. Recognizing the need to protect the minority shareholders interest in Malaysia, especially in the exercises that are undertaken by the publicly held company that have a significant impact on public shareholders, this study aims to contribute to this effort by focusing on going private transactions. 1.4 Purpose and Significance of the Study There have been numerous studies concerned the motive and/or reasons for mergers and acquisitions, but very few motives and/or reasons have been addresses for public listed companies going private. The number of public listed companies going private has increased sharply in recent years especially in Malaysia, as part of widespread corporate restructuring and/or mergers and acquisitions. Furthermore, this study will cover and overview all public listed companies listed on the Bursa Malaysia which is being taken private in 2007 which is recognize as privatisation that reverse from public listing exercise. The objective of this study is to examine why this new trend emerges and what causes it to happen. 1.5 Limitations of the Study The privatisation of Malaysiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s public listed companies was relatively new phenomena that started in 2006 and implement in 2007 throughout 2008, a relatively short period of study as compared to studies of privatisation of public listed companies in UK from 1997 to 2003 by (Renneboog, Simons and Wright 2005). Thus, the scope of the study is limited to Malaysiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s public listed companies in the Bursa Malaysia going private in the year of 2007. There is lack of information for Malaysia due to the new trend or phenomena. 1.6 Organization of the Study The paper is divided into five (5) chapters. The first chapter of this research describes the driving factors that led to this study. It highlights the background, objectives, scope of the study as well as the significance of the study. Chapter two (2) of this study will cover the literature review and to provide evidence which found from the previous studies on various reasons behind public listed companies going private. It will be used to support discussion and findings from the data analysis. Development of hypotheses, selection of measures, sampling design, data collection procedure and analysis are outlined in Chapter three (3). Chapter four (4) draws some research result of this study and conclusion and recommendations will be presented in Chapter five (5). CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Before us deeply into the public listed companies to go private. Understanding that why did the companies decided to become a public listed company is very imperative. Roell (1996) documents five reasons why owners of firms decided to go public.

Hipparcos Mira Variable Stars :: Astronomy Stars Space Essays

Hipparcos Mira Variable Stars ABSTRACT From the visual and infrared light curves we are trying to find the phase changes and correlate them to Infrared shift and magutdes to see what is happing to Mira type stars as they age. Most of the radiation in the star is in the Infrared. The method being used O-C and fitting mean light curves. All mira variables pulsate undergoing rapid mass loss. In the conclusion we show that the magnitude has a positive correlation with the phase shift. I.Introduction Studies of Mira variables are of considerable importance in stellar astrophysics because they are pulsating stars undergoing rapid mass loss. During one cycle, which typically lasts from 200-500 days, these stars undergo significant changes in their observable properties. At some point in their lives, many if not most stars go through an unstable phase that leads to pulsation. They are evolving through the tip of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) in the H-R diagram and are affected by two significant processes. In the interior, helium shell flashes cause large excursions in their luminosity’s and period on a timesscale of ten of thousands of years. In the outer layers, pulsation-enhanced mass loss, which reduces their envelope masses and drives their evolution to the white dwarf. The atmospheres of Mira variables are very deep and there effective diameters change markedly with wavelength because of the opacity effects. The massive winds of Miras are believed to be driven by a combination of dust formation and shocks induced by stellar pulsation. (Willson). Understanding the nature of shocks and measuring their properties is essential to understanding the physics of pulsation and mass loss from pulsating stars. This paper presents an analysis of visible and IR (JHKL) data for 2 Long Period Variables (LPV). The four pulsating variables chosen are classified as Miras. All Miras stars are Long period variables that exhibit a very large change in visible light because they are cool (less than or equal to 3000K), and so most of their radiation lies in the infrared. We are studying the Mira stars instead the irregular stars because to understand any star you must first start with the simplest model then expand upon that, Mira are relatively well-behaved long period variable. II. Data Search For this study we required stars that had already been studied intensively, so that both IR data and visual data were available for many cycles.

Euphiletus’s testimony Essay

1. What does Euphiletus’s testimony suggest about the roles both men and women were expected to play in Athenian society in general and within the home in particular? Women were defined by their roles as daughters, wives, and widows, women were closely supervised and had limited legal and political rights. Women were expected to take care of the children in the family and do household work that was not done by a maid. Men were typically the protector of the household, therefore the male would sleep on the ground floor in order to react in the event of an intrusion or emergency. 2. How did these expectations shape the physical geography of domestic space as revealed in the overhead views of a Greek house? Most women spent a significant portion of their lives segregated in their own quarters, usually on the second floor of the house to limit access to the street. Typically, men’s quarters were on the first floor, intended in part of prevent unsupervised meetings between women and men from outside the family. This idea of men and women living on separate floors emphasized the differing gender roles in Greek society, men were the protectors and women cared for the children. 3. According to Euphiletus, why did his wife cross the boundaries of this geography? How did this set the stage for his woes? According to Euphiletus, his wife crossed the boundaries of the domestic space’s geography so that she could better care for her child without having to go to a different floor. It was his idea to put her on the first floor, regardless of the ideas in Greek culture about protection and keeping the women away from access to the streets. This set the stage for his woes because he gave men the opportunity to come and seduce his wife. It would be harder for him to catch his wife in the act of infidelity if she was closer to the door.

full metal jacket essays

full metal jacket essays American Society has a past history of negative qualities. These qualities are exposed in the film Full Metal Jacket by Stanley Kubrick. This is seen throughout his Vietnam Film war film. The qualities are seen through the portrayal of violence, sexism, and racism in the film. All of these characteristics are still in American Society today. There still is a constant amount of hate among people in American society. Violence, racism and sexism are all different ways of portraying hate in American society. Violence is portrayed through much of the film. Violence can be seen in many different ways. It could be seen through verbal abuse, drugs or even sex. The film portrays a lot of deaths between soldiers. At one point in the film Pyle the (a main character in the film) shoots his own commanding officer in the chest. He does this because he hated his commanding officer. He felt he was being pushed around and couldnt take anymore of his bad mouthing comments. So in retaliation he killed his own commanding officer. This shows that no one can be trusted not even an army soldier. This violence is commonly seen in American society. A common view of American society is no one can be trusted. After he shoots his commanding officer he takes his own life with the same weapon. This depicts that American society is irrational with decisions. Pyle sensuously took his life because he killed his commanding officer. He knew that he would suffer because of the death that he had caused. So he cowardly took his own life. Sexism is also portrayed throughout the film. In American society women are characterized as a minority. They are seen as lesser people because of their body make and there past roles in American society. In the film the soldiers are told to name their guns. The fire arms were told to be named a female name. The guns are used and abused by the soldiers in the film. They are used for one purpose, and...

Natasha David Bezmozgis on Dysfunctional Relationships Essays

Natasha David Bezmozgis on Dysfunctional Relationships Essays Natasha David Bezmozgis on Dysfunctional Relationships Natasha, a short story by David Bezmozgis, provides prime examples of dysfunctional relationships. The dysfunction could be seen in the very first deal that Berman and Rufus made together. Berman offered to run drug related errands for Rufus in exchange for free drugs and some money (88). When Berman introduced Natasha to Rufus as his little sister, it seemed to Berman that Rufus was paying extra attention to Natasha and disrespected Berman by saying that, With all due respect, Berman, you and her arent even the same species (91). This lead to the final betrayal, where Rufus takes Natasha into his service even though he knew the status of Natasha and Bermans relationship (100). This betrayal in their relationship marked the most significant twist in the story plot. Another one of the clearest examples of a dysfunctional relationship is the one between Fima and Zina. While living together, Zina made Fima sleep in the living room couch (98), a clear sign of a dysfunctional marriage. Zina also tries to suck the life out of Fima. This was foretold in the first few conversations between Berman and Natasha, I feel sorry for him. Shell ruin his life he groans like hes being killed and she screams like shes killing him (88) and prediction came true later on, You saw how she tried to ruin my life and your life and how she was killing your uncle (98). Furthermore, Zina took advantage of Fima by stealing his money, embarrassing and insulting him. No matter what she did, Fima never took up the courage to leave her (98). This relationship helped in enlarging the dysfunctionability between Zina and Natasha. The basis of the dysfunctional relationship between Zina and Natasha stemmed from early age where since the age of eight, [Natasha] had been on her own (Bezmozgis 93). Zina neglected her while she messed around with other men (93). This turned Natasha towards the porn industry at age twelve (93-94). Furthermore, Zina also actively hurts her daughter. When Natasha finds out that Zina is cheating on her husband, Zina does not admit it but instead lashes out at ther daughters involvement with Berman (95). Natasha retaliates by calling her mother, whom she avoids, a whore (88) and is so agitated that she attacks Zina with a break knife (94). One cannot imagine a more dysfunctional relationship than this.

Evaluation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evaluation - Case Study Example Evaluation techniques are classified into two major classes which include the predictive evaluation techniques and descriptive evaluation techniques (Perlis, et al., 1981). The process of evaluation is goal oriented. The goals for which an evaluation process is intended for defines the importance of the evaluation process. One among the goals of evaluation is to determine if the technique is better as compared to existing techniques. This process entails the comparison of the technique with other existing techniques with aims of determining the status of the technique (Clements, 2002). This process is significant since it helps in assessing the technique with respect to already existing techniques and determining its viability in comparison with the existing techniques. Another goal of the evaluation process is to find out how good the technique is. This process is important since it facilitates assessing the technique to determine if it has the desired qualities as intended. Lastly, the process of evaluation of the given technique is aimed at determining â€Å"why the technique is bad†. This is aimed at detecting any weakness existing in the te chnique and this is important since using this weaknesses, suggestions that points out the need for further development can be generated (Farooq & Quadri, 3011). In general, the process of evaluation is aimed enhancing the usability of any given technique. This process of enhancement is aimed at improving user experiences, detecting flaws in the technique, addressing security concerns and removing unwanted features from the technique. The evaluation process as a whole is purported to facilitate technique improvement and enhancement of design supporting aspects. This process is vital since it plays a significant role in the development of the technique. The formative aspect of evaluation is paramount since it aids in the acquisition

Community college budget cut Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Community college budget cut - Research Paper Example Other than reducing student enrollment, some institutions have been forced to limit the number of programs they are offering due to the budget cuts. Laying-off of workers has been reported in some institutions because the institution can no longer sustain them. This phenomenon is evident in states that fund their institutions of higher learning. The paper will explore community college and state university budget cut, and how this political issue will affect the government and the people of the United States, now and in the future. In her article, â€Å"State Colleges Forced to Limit Programs,† Laurie Beth Harris asserts that the state colleges will be forced to limit their programs due to the budget cuts. The author begins by stating that the demand for jobs in the fields of health care and engineering has continued to expand. However, states such as Texas, Florida, and New York have abolished programs at the public universities in subjects like engineering and computer science. The elimination of these programs is attributed to the budget cuts. Apart from elimination of the entire programs, the schools have been incapable of expanding popular programs to meet the demand of the students. For instance, in Raleigh North Carolina, Wake Technical Community College has seen its enrolment expand by approximately 30% in the previous three years and at the same time getting budget cuts from the state of approximately 21% (Harris 1). The community college is popular for its nursing program, which is limited to 275 students; however, there are close to 1000 individuals waiting to be enrolled into the program. This has forced Wake Tech to develop a waiting list for the nursing program. While some students are waiting to be enrolled into the nursing program, others are positioned in a prenursing program. With the limited spots (275 individuals) for the nursing program, stakes

Executive Remuneration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Executive Remuneration - Essay Example These debates on the director’s compensation has been seen in most countries more notably the Royal Bank case involving Stephen Hester and this has led to most companies developing their own measures and procedures to be followed in the remuneration of executives to avoid much pressure from the government and the public interest. The perception that Hester received much remuneration package while the shareholders were rewarded lowly in terms of their performance contribution to the company has raised much debate. According to Lee (2002), the level of executive’s compensation has continued to raise much heat to the public. Therefore the much interest from the public, state regulators, and the media have seen most companies taking more time and paying a lot of attention to investigate, documenting and announcing executive remuneration. In order to cool down the much heated debate, public limited companies should implement the following practices and legal procedures. Coming Up With A Compensation Committee Once a company has a specialized committee that knows her functions is a better way to ensure that the committee has time and devotion to attend matters related to the executive compensation. The compensation committee usually operates within certain regulated legal authority, and resolution that is written by the full board of directors. The legal restrictions are put in place to avoid much conflict between the board and the executive staff over the amount of compensation.

Marriage and European Dowry Custom Essay Example for Free

Marriage and European Dowry Custom Essay Lobolo or Lobola (Mahadi in Sesotho; sometimes translated as bride price) is a traditional Southern African custom whereby the man pays the family of his fiancee for her hand in marriage (Compare with the European dowry custom where the woman brings assets[citation needed]). The custom is aimed at bringing the two families together, fostering mutual respect, and indicating that the man is capable of supporting his wife financially and emotionally. Traditionally the lobola payment was in cattle as cattle were the primary source of wealth in African society. However, most modern urban couples have switched to using cash. The process of lobola negotiations can be long and complex, and involves many members from both the brides and the grooms extended families. Often, to dispel any tensions between the families, a bottle of brandy is placed on the table. This is usually not drunk; it is simply a gesture to welcome the guest family and make everyone feel more relaxed (it is known as mvulamlomo, which is Xhosa for mouth opener). Lobola may have some unintended negative effects. It may have created a financial barrier for some young men looking to take a bride. It is common for a couple that are emotionally ready to commit to each other to stay unmarried if they do not have the financial resources to satisfy the impeding traditional ritual. For those who do have the financial means, the issue can be Lobolas opportunity cost. Young men who are in the wealth-creation stage of life may feel that their future is better secured if they invest their money elsewhere to receive significant financial returns. Lobola is seen by some as an extravagance that has little relevance in a society where young Africans are trying to lift themselves out of inherited poverty. However, the tradition is adhered to as strongly as ever, and in families where tradition and intention override greed, lobola can be a great way of showing commitment between families, not just between the bride and groom. Many traditional marriages utilise a cash-based lobola; this can be then followed by a European-style wedding ceremony, where the lobola funds are used to pay for expenses. In this way, any outlaid costs are returned to the payer in another form, preserving tradition, honour and finances.

The Pearl by John Steinbeck

The Pearl by John Steinbeck This is a small village where Kino and his family as well as relatives live in. The people living in this village have similar houses as Kinos house. The reader can tell that the people living in this village are also very poor and therefore are probably uneducated. Furthermore, this village serves as a contrast to the town that the rich people live in. Since the people are poor and uneducated, the rich people will be able to take advantage of them easily. The setting contributes to the theme of the social class since it demonstrated the inequality between the rich and the poor. Since Kino is very poor, so when he discovers the pearl, people should feel happy for him, right? It is not this case in this novel. People want to steal the pearl even though they are already very rich. Thus, this setting clearly helps to demonstrate the tendency of human beings to be greedy and cruel even to those who have already suffered for a long period of time. Gray stone mountain: A mountain north of La Paz where Kino and his family run to in order to escape from the trackers. The mountain is very high, and there is a spring and a shallow cave on the top where Kinos family hide in. Since all animals seek to go to the high place when they are hunted or pursued, the mountain gives the readers a sense of what it is like when hunting and being hunted. The setting itself also creates a suspenseful and tense mood when the novel is at its climax. 6. Plot outline (brief): Kino, Juana, and their baby Coyotito live in a humble brush house by the sea in the village of La Paz. On one morning, a scorpion stings Coyotito. Kino and Juana then rush him to the doctor in the town nearby. When they arrive at the front of the doctors house, they are rejected by the doctors servant because they cannot afford the medication fee. Kino then decides to dive into the ocean and look for pearls so he can pay the doctor money. Later, Kino finds the largest pearl that has ever existed on Earth. After hearing about Kinos discovery, the doctor comes to Kinos house and cures Coyotito toward the evening. Before going to bed, Kino hides the pearl under his sleeping mat. Later in the night, he is awakened by an intruder looking for the pearl inside his house. A violent struggle follows, and Kino is injured during the fight. The next morning, Kino and Juana goes to town to sell the pearl. After realizing that the pearl dealers are trying to cheat on him, Kino decides to sell the pearl in the capital instead. In the middle of that night, a group of men attacks Kino again in an attempt to steal the pearl. During the fight, Kino accidently kills one of the men. Kino and Juana then decide to flee. After they find out that Kinos canoe is destroyed and their house is burnt, Kinos family hides in Juan Tomass house until night comes. At night, Kino, Juana, and Coyotito leave for the capital. They rest after a long journey and are about to continue again when Kino finds out that three trackers are following them. Kino decides that they must go up the gray stone mountain and attempts to mislead the trackers by creating false trails. After they find a cave at the top of the mountain, Kinos family decide to hide inside of it and wait for a chance to escape. Slowly, the trackers make their way to the top of the mountain. The trackers are preparing to sleep when Kino decides that he must attack them before the moon rises so he will not be seen. A s Kino prepares to attack, Coyotito lets out a gentle scream, waking the trackers. Then, one of trackers fires his rifle at the cave Juana and Coyotito are in. The moment he fired, however, Kino attacks and quickly kills all of the trackers. Later, Kino finds out Coyotito has been shot. The next day, Kino and Juana travel back to their town. They walk to the ocean as the townspeople watch in silent enthrallment. At the shore, Kino takes out the great pearl and tosses it back into the ocean with all his might. 7. Major themes of the work: Wealth brings trouble and causes the loss of innocence Kino transforms from a happy, contented man to a greedy savage criminal after he finds the pearl Wealth causes ambition and greed, which destroy mankinds innocence Greed transforms the pearl from a symbol of good luck and hope to a symbol of destruction Kinos greediness leads him to act violently toward Juana and eventually to his sons death People become jealous and want to obtain Kinos newfound pearl in both legal and illegal ways The greed and jealousy of all the people destroy the peace and happiness that Kino has known Steinbeck points out that human beings have a tendency to be jealous of other people. Most people are envious of the wealth of others, and many will try to take a portion of that wealth by using any method. Therefore, it is very important for us to not to be too greedy and ambitious. The roles of fate (destiny) and luck Forces beyond human control (like fate and destiny) can completely change an individuals life either for the better or the worse at any moment Kino and Juanas lives are changed when the scorpion (symbol of wicked fate) bites Coyotito Their lives then change again when Kino discovers the pearl (symbol of beneficial fate) Even though Steinbeck points out that fate and other forces do play a role in shaping human life, he also suggests that it is not fate, but human emotions and desires in the forms of jealousy and greed that ultimately leads to the novels devastating tragic ending. Cruelty of Humanity and the Social Classes The doctor cruelly refuses to treat Coyotito since Kino does not have money The pearl buyers try to cheat on the ignorant Kino so that they can make more money The trackers and other unknown invaders are willing to kill Kino in order to become wealthy The poverty and lack of education prevents the lower-class from enjoying the benefits of the higher-class The upper-class members take advantage of the lower-class because they are more educated In showing how the pearl affects other people, Steinbeck points out that most people have a cruel nature. We might do harm to others in order to achieve our own personal goals. Furthermore, Steinbeck also points out that there is an inequality between the higher-class and the lower-class, since the better educated higher-class will always take advantage of the uneducated lower-class. 8. Symbols in the book: The Pearl The pearl constantly appears throughout the novel. When the pearl is first discovered in Chapter 2, it represents possibility, good luck, and a symbol of divine assistance. Kinos discovery of the pearl fills him with hope for a better-quality life. It seems to be an event that serves as a relief to the disaster of the scorpion bite. Once the town learns about the pearl (Chapters 3-6), however, the pearl begins to make everyone to become greedy. The pearl becomes less symbolic of all the good things that it represents and now symbolizes greed, ambition, desires, and cruelty. Juana and Juan Tomas also begin to see the pearl as a dangerous threat. Kino begins to dedicate all his efforts and possessions to protecting the pearl toward the end of the novel. The pearl therefore comes to symbolize the destructive nature of greediness. The scorpion The scorpion that stings Coyotito in Chapter 1 represents evil and the annihilation of innocence and purity. Even though the scorpion only appears once in the novel, the process of the destruction of innocence that it represents occurs constantly throughout the plot. For instance, Kinos innocence is destroyed by his ambition and greed, and the colonists destroyed native peoples beliefs and traditional ways of life. Kinos canoe Kinos canoe represents his pride, a means of making a living, and his connection to his cultural tradition. The canoe appears twice throughout the story. The first time is when Kino uses it to find the pearl. Kinos races culture is deeply spiritual, so it is important that Kino uses his canoe to discover the pearl, which is granted by a heavenly power that has nothing to do with human behaviors or actions. The second time it appears is when Kino attempts to escape by using the canoe. However, he finds it already destroyed. This is very important because Kinos ownership of the pearl leads directly to the destruction of his canoe, and this is an event that symbolizes how Kinos greediness and ambition have destroyed his traditional way of life. 9. Other significant imagery: The stars still shone and the day had drawn only a pale wash of light in the lower time, and the early pigs were already beginning their ceaseless turning of twigs and bits of wood to see whether anything to eat had been overlooked. Outside the brush house in the tuna clump, a covey of little birds chattered and flurried with their wings. ~ Chapter 1, page 5 Steinbeck portrays the natural world as a kingdom that reflects the human world. This imagery mirrors the natures peaceful innocence the same innocence that Kino has at the beginning of the novel. However, hiding inside that innocence is the tendency to be greedy. The pigs in this quote are greedy in a sense that they are trying to find anything that they can possibly find to eat. The gray oysters with ruffles like skirts on the shells, the barnacle-crusted oysters with little bits of weed clinging to the skirts and small crabs climbing over them. An accident could happen to these oysters, a grain of sand could lie in the folds of muscle and irritate the flesh until in self-protection the flesh coated the grain with a layer of smooth cement. But once started, the flesh continued to coat the foreign body until it fell free in some tidal flurry or until the oyster was destroyed. Swarms of fish lived near the bed to live near the oysters thrown back by the searching men and to nibble at the shining inner shells. ~ Chapter 6, page 85 The descriptions of the sea emphasize the fact that life is a struggle for existence in which only the strongest will be able to survive. The fish can only eat what the men left behind. So if the food is not enough for them, they will die. This struggle can be seen in the conflicts between natives of Kinos race against the oppressive colonists. Also, this quote suggests that oysters must die in order for a pearl to form. Again, Steinbeck points out that every time something is gained, another thing is lost. Kino, with his newfound pearl, has lost his innocence. Beside this tiny stream, wherever enough earth collected for root-hold, colonies of plants grew, wild grape and little palms, maidenhair fern, hibiscus, and tall pampas grass with feathery rods raised above the spike leaves. And in the pool lived frogs and waterskaters, and waterworms crawled on the bottom of the pool. Everything that loved water came to these few shallow places. The cats took their prey there, and strewed feathers and lapped water through their bloody teeth. The little pools were places of life because of the water, and places of killing because of the water, too. ~ Chapter 6, page 85 This imagery suggests that there are two sides to almost everything. The pool is a place of birth for plants and other animals. However, it is also a place of death since predators look for prey here. Steinbeck also applies this principle to the pearl as well. Kino is able to afford the doctor and have his son cured because of the pearl. However, his son ultimately died because of the pearl, too. 10. Significance of title of work: The title of the novel is very symbolic and represents the themes of the story. The way the pearl is described throughout the novel reflects the changes that Kino, the main protagonist, goes through. At first, the pearl is a simple and gorgeous object of nature. Once it becomes intertwined with ideas of material value, greed, and desire, however, it becomes dangerous and destructive. The pearl is an item of natural splendor and goodness that draws out the wickedness innate in men. 11. Authors techniques that are important to this work: One of the special techniques that Steinbeck used in this novel is the way he makes all the characters to seem very realistic. In order to develop the characters that he was creating, John Steinbeck studied the culture, traditions, and the thinking of ancient races like those depicted in the novel. As a result, the novel and its characters are very realistic and believable to the readers. For example: Beware of that kind of tree there, he said, pointing. Do not touch it, for if you do and then touch your eyes, it will blind you. And beware of the tree that bleeds. See, that one over there. For if you break it the red blood will flow from it, and it is evil luck.' ~ Chapter 6, page 76 In this quote, we can clearly learn what Kinos cultures traditions are and what the people of his race think and believe in. One thing we can tell just by looking from this example is that Kinos race thinks that if a tree bleeds, then it is bad luck. This shows us that they are superstitious and might believe in some kind of religion.